![]() ![]() Submillimeter galaxies at z ∼ 2: evidence for major mergers and constraints on lifetimes, IMF, and CO-H2 conversion factor. ![]() Dense cores in galaxies out to z = 2.5 in SDSS, UltraVISTA, and the five 3D-HST/CANDELS fields: number density, evolution, and the apparent need for efficient cooling at high redshift. Passively evolving early-type galaxies at 1.4 ≲ z ≲2.5 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Galaxies such as GOODS-N-774 seem to be rare however, from the star formation rate and size of this galaxy we infer that many star-forming cores may be heavily obscured, and could be missed in optical and near-infrared surveys.ĭaddi, E. This is similar to the stellar velocity dispersions of the putative descendants of GOODS-N-774, which are compact quiescent galaxies at z ≈ 2 (refs 8, 9, 10, 11) and giant elliptical galaxies in the nearby Universe. The star-forming gas has a velocity dispersion of 317 ± 30 kilometres per second. This galaxy, GOODS-N-774, has a stellar mass of 100 billion solar masses, a half-light radius of 1.0 kiloparsecs and a star formation rate of solar masses per year. Here we report a candidate core in the process of formation 11 billion years ago, at redshift z = 2.3. Previous studies have found galaxies with high gas velocity dispersions 4 or small apparent sizes 5, 6, 7, but so far no objects have been identified with both the stellar structure and the gas dynamics of a forming core. Most massive galaxies are thought to have formed their dense stellar cores in early cosmic epochs 1, 2, 3. ![]()
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